Business
Reform-FDI tango in insurance
In addition, the finance ministry has clarified in its FAQ to the budget that the FDI rules will be amended to include provisions for the appointment of KMPs and board composition, and thereby foster growth and a congenial environment in the sector. Going by precedents it is certain that the proposed hike in FDI limit […]

In addition, the finance ministry has clarified in its FAQ to the budget that the FDI rules will be amended to include provisions for the appointment of KMPs and board composition, and thereby foster growth and a congenial environment in the sector.
Going by precedents it is certain that the proposed hike in FDI limit will be accompanied by conditions; however, it is also true that the finance minister’s specific direction makes it clear that the time for a liberal insurance sector has arrived.
Historical context
What stood out was the finance minister’s assertion that the 100 per cent FDI limit will be available to companies that invest the entire premium in India. Given that insurance companies are already restrained from investing policyholders’ funds outside India, the government must provide clarity on the intent and scope of this conditionality. Earlier, any increase in the FDI limit was accompanied by added conditions, dampening investor sentiment due to the impact on commercial feasibility. Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman had, in her budget speech this year, proposed to increase the FDI limit in insurance companies to 100 per cent, with an added commitment to reviewing and simplifying the conditions associated with foreign investment. This was in keeping with the memorandum issued by the government in November 2024, on revamping the legislative framework for the Indian insurance sector through amendments to the regulatory framework.Despite liberalisation, such restrictive requirements dissuaded foreign investment in insurance intermediaries.The “Indian ownership and control” criterion was withdrawn in 2021 with the FDI limit hiked from 49 per cent to 74 per cent. According to the existing regime, though majority ownership may vest with a foreign investor, most of the insurance company’s directors and key management persons (KMPs) must be resident Indian citizens. Moreover, at insurance companies with more than 49 per cent foreign investment, 50 per cent of the board must consist of independent directors. If, however, the chairman of the board is an independent director, then one-third of the board must consist of independent directors. Such conditions create practical challenges for foreign investors in managing large-sized boards.
Limit on intermediaries
When the FDI limit was increased in 2015 from 26 per cent to 49 per cent, the stipulation was that all insurance companies should be “Indian-owned and controlled”. Foreign investors were required to dilute existing rights to comply with the requirement.Though the government’s proposal is in the right direction, intending to make the sector more attractive to foreign players, the attached conditions will determine whether or not the stage is truly set to overhaul and completely liberalise the sector.
Striking a balance
When the FDI limit was increased to 100 per cent for insurance intermediaries in 2019, special conditions were imposed on intermediaries with majority foreign investment, including the stipulation that a majority of the directors and KMPs should be resident Indian citizens; the foreign investor was required to bring in the latest technology, as also managerial and other skills; prior approval of insurance regulator IRDAI was required to repatriate dividends; and related-party transactions were capped at 10 per cent of the total expenses in a financial year.(The writer is partner, JSA Advocates & Solicitors)The increase in FDI limit, along with the removal of the cooling-off period for registration of insurance companies under IRDA Regulations, 2024, could bolster the sector, leading to more FDI inflow by way of new entrants, including insurtech players, consolidation of existing joint ventures, and exits of foreign investors from current joint ventures with Indian promoters.
Business
Shocking Stock Market Crash: Sensex Plummets 2,700 Points Amid Global Turmoil
Why Indian Stock Market Are Reeling and What It Means for Investors

Why Indian Stock Market Are Reeling and What It Means for Investors
The Indian stock market took a brutal hit on April 7, 2025, as the BSE Sensex nosedived by a staggering 2,700 points, closing at 79,260.36 after an intraday drop of 3,251.09 points. The NSE Nifty wasn’t spared either, tumbling 788.45 points to settle at 24,219.35. Investors watched in dismay as over Rs 10 lakh crore in market wealth evaporated in a single day, marking one of the steepest declines in recent memory.
So, what sparked this chaos? Analysts point to a perfect storm of global and domestic pressures. The trigger came from across the Atlantic, where U.S. President Donald Trump’s aggressive tariff threats against Mexico, Canada, and China—set to kick in on March 4—sent shockwaves through global markets. Indian stocks, already wobbly after five straight months of losses (a streak unseen since 1996), buckled under the weight of this news. Foreign institutional investors (FIIs) have been dumping Indian equities to the tune of $25 billion since October, amplifying the panic.
The bloodbath hit hardest in key sectors: IT stocks cratered 4%, autos skidded 3.7%, PSU banks dropped 3.2%, and consumer stocks fell 3%. Mid- and small-cap companies weren’t immune, each shedding over 2.5%. Among the Sensex heavyweights, Reliance Industries, HDFC Bank, and Infosys led the plunge, while a few resilient players like Sun Pharma and Hindustan Unilever managed to stay afloat.
Market watchers aren’t sugarcoating it—this could get worse before it gets better. Experts like Anil Rego from Right Horizons warn that jittery global conditions might push markets even lower. “The U.S. tariff fallout is rattling investor confidence worldwide, and India’s not insulated,” he said. Ambareesh Baliga, an independent analyst, echoed the sentiment, noting that the relentless FII sell-off and Trump’s “tariff tantrums” could keep the downward spiral spinning.
Adding fuel to the fire, the Indian rupee hit a record low of 86.61 against the U.S. dollar, its sharpest single-day drop in nearly two years. Rising U.S. bond yields and fears of a slowing American economy only deepened the gloom. Deepak Jasani of HDFC Securities highlighted domestic woes too: “High valuations and stretched investor expectations were a ticking time bomb waiting for a global cue like this.”
For everyday investors, the scene feels like a rollercoaster with no brakes. After a record-breaking rally that saw the Sensex peak at 85,978.25 in late 2024, this crash has wiped out gains and left portfolios bleeding. Social media is buzzing with reactions—some traders are calling it a “buying opportunity,” while others lament the timing, urging caution until the dust settles.
What’s next? Analysts suggest buckling up for more volatility. With Trump’s policies looming large and FIIs showing no signs of slowing their exodus, the road ahead looks bumpy. Yet, there’s a sliver of hope—seasoned investors might find bargains in this chaos, provided they’ve got the stomach for risk. For now, though, India’s stock market is nursing its wounds, and the world’s eyes are on how it’ll weather this storm.
Business
Crop insurance business turns lucrative with less incidents of damage, driven by favourable monsoon, tech infusion

In 2023-24, Chola MS while returning to crop insurance business after two years had to disburse claim amount of ₹406 crore while collecting ₹526 crore of premium. Oriental Insurance, which had also stayed away for two years, had paid about ₹3,360 crore in 2023-24, making a loss as its gross premium collection was about ₹1,912 crore.The government on March 25 had told Parliament that farmers (19.79 crore applications) have received claims of ₹1,73,938 crore under PMFBY, as against paying a premium of ₹32,476 crore until 2023-24 (as on February 28) since the inception of the scheme in 2016-17. The claims are yet to be finalised for 2024-25.
Cup & cap model
“It is not that every insurance company is making a big profit. It depends on its spread of business over the geographies and the crops selected as there are some major risk-prone areas where the claim amount is usually on the higher side. Companies need to offset those risks by taking up insurance in relatively safer areas as well,” an official source said.Crop damages in Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, Haryana and Chhattisgarh in 2018-19 had pushed farmers’ claims against the premium collected by the insurance companies to over 100 per cent, whereas the claim ratio (against gross premium) was 75.4 per cent on all-India basis.
Higher claim ratio
Agriculture Insurance Company of India (AIC), which has the largest presence in the flagship PMFBY scheme, had paid claims worth ₹5,565 crore whereas its gross premium collection was nearly ₹9,490 crore in 2023-24, official data show.
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Official sources said from Kharif 2023, the government has allowed cup and cap model (80:110 and 60:130) in which profit and loss of insurers is shared. In case of claims below a certain threshold, portion of the premium paid by the government (both the Centre and the States) as subsidy goes back to the State treasury. In case of claims above a certain threshold, the Centre and the States are required to pay claims.


Profits of companies from crop insurance business have increased in the last three years compared to previous three years. This is mainly due to favourable monsoon as also infusion of technology. This has resulted in some companies returning to crop insurance business after quitting it earlier.The government on March 25 had told Parliament that farmers (19.79 crore applications) have received claims of ₹1,73,938 crore under PMFBY, as against paying a premium of ₹32,476 crore until 2023-24 (as on February 28) since the inception of the scheme in 2016-17. The claims are yet to be finalised for 2024-25.
Cup & cap model
Under PMFBY and Weather Based Crop Insurance Scheme, farmers pay fixed 1.5 per cent of sum insured for rabi crops and 2 per cent for kharif while it is 5 per cent for cash crops. The actual premium is derived through a process of bids from insurers every year and any amount above what farmers pay is subsidised by the government which is shared between Centre and States on 50:50 basis.Crop damages in Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, Haryana and Chhattisgarh in 2018-19 had pushed farmers’ claims against the premium collected by the insurance companies to over 100 per cent, whereas the claim ratio (against gross premium) was 75.4 per cent on all-India basis.
Higher claim ratio
Published on April 6, 2025 In contrast, the insurers had paid a total claim of ₹78,616 crore after collecting ₹93,629 crore as gross premium between 2018-19 and 2020-21, only about ₹15,013 crore of profit, which is about ₹2,000 crore higher than the farmers’ share of premium.
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The government on March 25 had told Parliament that farmers (19.79 applications) have received claims of ₹1,73,938 crore under PMFBY
| Photo Credit:
SRINATH M
Business
Spinny raises $131 million in Accel-led round amid booming used-car market
Fresh Funding Fuels Spinny’s Growth in the Thriving Pre-Owned Car Sector Used-car marketplace Spinny has raised 1 million in a funding round led by Accel Leaders Fund, according to news reports. This fundraising comes at a time when the used-car market, which recorded 4.6 million sales in 2023, is projected to reach 10.8 million by […]

Fresh Funding Fuels Spinny’s Growth in the Thriving Pre-Owned Car Sector
Used-car marketplace Spinny has raised 1 million in a funding round led by Accel Leaders Fund, according to news reports. This fundraising comes at a time when the used-car market, which recorded 4.6 million sales in 2023, is projected to reach 10.8 million by 2030, growing at a compound annual rate of 13 per cent, according to a CARS24 report.
The expansion is driven by rising demand across both urban centres and smaller townsThe fundraising comes amid increased activity in the used-car marketplace, following Droom’s recent million funding round, which, according to reports, was co-led by India Accelerator and Finvolve, as the company prepares for an IPO.
Founded in 2015, the online used-marketplace, the company previously raised 8 million in its Series D funding round in 2021 from new and existing investors, led by Tiger Global. Another new investor in the round is New York-based Avenir Growth.
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